Valveless engine.



W. USS.

v VALVE ENGINE.

, 08. 1,037,033, Patented Aug. 27, 1912.

u 7 fi m F /IIIIIIIIIIVIIIJI'QOJJ illness, or DRILL SYNDICATE LIMITED,

BBACK PAN, TRANSVAAL, ASSIGNOR TO KONGMAX ROCK 0F JOHANNESBURG, TRANSVAAL.

WILI'IELM YALVELESS ENGINE.

ltatontecl Aug, 2'2, 15912., Serial No. M7382.

Specification of Letters fatent.

filed August 5, 1908.

Application To all whom it may concern: by to restrict the invention to engines of Be it known that; I, ,HLHELM BIAUSS tlllS constructional type 01 function.

enginee of Vi t i F ll P c In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 Brack Pan Branch, Brack Pan, Transvaal, a S a longitudinal section of a rock drilling Subj t f th Ki f (h 1; B it i h engine showing the. piston in. the position it 59 invented certain new and useful Improveoccupies at the moment the blow is struck; ments in Valveless Engines, of which the Fig. ll a transverse section on the plane following is'a peeifieatiun; I X ZL. of Fig. I, and Fig. 111 is a longitudi- The present invention relates to valvenal section showing a modified form of the less engines and particularly to direct actpis on, a portion of the structure being brolten away.

valveless engines adapted for rock 7 I v lteterrnig to Figs.

ing drilling and otherpercussive purposes, tor-pumping, and like operations.

In any valveless engine the relative position of the piston and cylinder is necessarily identical at the moments of admission and cut- 011 of the working fluid and again at the opening and closing of exhaust; and in core structions hitherto proposed, this has result- 7 l. and 11, the cylinder is represented by letter a, the piston by I) and. the piston rod by 0. Pressure iluid is supplied constantly through ports (Z and presses unintcrrupt-edly upon the annular rear piston area 0. Said area 6 is made smaller than the in this front piston area instance by forming upon the piston b a ed in one or both terminations of the stroke trunk 7)} which works in a co-rrespoiidingly of the piston being efi'ected Wholly or to a, reduced part a of the cylinder a. lhe rear large extent by previously acquired moinenface of trunk 11 isrelieved of: pressure by turn andagainst a retarding cushion. In means of hole g. ercussive engines particularly the eitect has h, h, are slots formed in the cylinder wall been to cushion the blow to such an extent by which communication is established, imas ractically to restrict the employment of mediately before the completion oi the terthe valvelcss type of engine to the smaller ward stroke, between the rear and the front sizes Where fliciency is a minor considercylinder spaces, the "forward ends of: said ation. slots being curved or beveled toward the The purpose of the'prcsent invention is to axis, as shown.

overcome such detects, and to approximate Upon the piston'rod c is the annular ring to a valve efl'ect in a va-lveless engine. is, which is made slightly less in diameter I In an engine opustructgd recording to. the than the piston I). There are thusthrcc pres present invention the iiuid. admit-ted during 1 sure areas, f, is, and ]c'-, formed at the front the current 1 yoke for effecting the guceeedof the piston, two viz. and. is, of which are ing'stroke in the OrWnary manner, is cau ed in facing opposition and the third is of to assist the current stroke kinetically, oiwhich is unopposed; while coinmunication at least is prevented from acting adversely between In and 7c is afforded by the some to it for a period after admission, such whatrestricted passage-way formed beperiod in the case of a percussive ma hine tween the ring It: and the walls oi the cylinextending until the blow is struck. .liurthen der. The faces f and 7& are spaced well a novel exhaust arrangement is provided, as apart so that a large dead space occurs in the hereinaiter described, whereby the cushionfront cylinder and particularly between said ing due to the usual late or terminal exhaust faces,- at the completion of the forward is decreased, withoutthe waste of fluid and stroke; the total such dead space being 'for power incident to the early complete exhaust example and as shown, equal to one half of sometimes employed. the total volume of the front cylinder space The invention will be described in detail when the piston is retracted.

as embodied in a rock drilling engine oi the Z is a recess in the front cylinder head type in which constant pressure is. applied c rresponding in diameter to the ringlc. to the rear piston area, and the actuating m, m are holes bored from the periphery fluid is caused to operate (5X})il,IlSlV0ly upon oi the piston rod 0 into the bore n thereof, the relatively larger front piston area; but said bore colnu'uinicating in any suitable it is to be understood that this is only by manner-with theatniosphere, so that upon way of example and it is not intended thereone or both of the holes m or m ent ri g its the front cylinder, the latter will be opened tov exhaust.

'0 is an annular groove formed in the extension of the cylinder head surrounding the piston rod 0, and p is a slot cut in the piston rod periphery, such as to register with groove 0 when the normal forward stroke is exceeded.

The device operates in the following manner. The piston being retracted, pressure fluid admitted through ports d; presses upon area 0 and propels the piston forward. Immediately before the blow is struck, communication is establishedbetween the cylinder ends by way of the slots it, h, fluid from the rear thus rushing into the front cylinder as a series of jets q moving with great velocity away from the piston-face f,

which, impinging on the face 70 expend more or less of their 'kinetic energy in driving the piston forward. WVhen the piston is .moving with the requisite velocity, that is half that of the jets, the admitted fluid is is therefore without ment of'fluid to face is? suck out the fluid trapped in front thereof. v In no case therefore is effective pressure adward stroke has been e "velocity and pressure and action on faces f and Thus in the most favorable instance, admission is followed by a period in which force is exertedon face is but none on f and deprived of both 71: YVith a lower piston velocity than that mentioned, more or less backward deflection of the jets occurs and in the extreme case with a comparatively freely moving piston, suflicient pressure may be established on face f to balance that on 70?. Such backward deflection however, by obstructing the passageway around ringk,

and even tends to verse to the blow established in frontof the piston, for a cushioning is avoided for that period. Upon the blow being struck, high pressure is established uniformly "throughout the front cylinder space, areas is, and k are in eeuilibrinm, and they areaf being in excess 0 the area 6, the piston returns. During such movement the 'slots. it remain open for a short period andcontinue to'supply high pressure fluid to the front cylinder, the velocity of the incoming fluid however being now, immaterial, and ineffective to retard the piston owing to the dense fluid already occupying the cylinder. Upon closure of the slots h the im risoned fluid continues to forcethe piston ad; by expanding.

After a certain pro ortion' of the rearected, the relatively small hole m enters the. cylinder and exhaust' therefrom thus" begins. The rate of. exhaust throughvs'aid hole m however is so restricted that when the m'achine'is working normally the pressure retained in the cylin der is, in conjunction with the acquired momentum of the piston,

delays the moveperiod after admission, and

sufiicient to carry the latter to the full length of the rearward stroke, wheat-he relatively large hole m enters the cylinder and exhaust is completed. The pressure on area a then drives the piston forward again to make the working stroke, during part of .which hole m remains open and discharges a further quantity of fluid, thereby-minimizing compression of fluid in the front cylinder. lVhen working: with low pressures or when the drill is clogged, complete exhaust may be effected through hole m, resulting in shortening of the stroke of themachine. v I

A wider range of variation in the length of the stroke, and enhanced rapidityof reversal when making short strokes may be rocured by interposing one or more additional exhaust holes, such as 121 between holes m and m fthe size of said intermediate hole or holes being preferably. proportional to its or their position in the series. It will be evident that such a series of separate holes may be replaced by a tapered exhaust slot, V

In theevent of the drill being too far from the rock when fluid is turned on, the piston is cushioned by the ring 70 entering the recess Z and compressing the fluid therein; WVhen said ring lc has penetrated sufliciently far intothe' recess for the mo-.

mention of the piston to be reduced to safe limits, slot, 1) opens into groove 0, thus exhausting the fluid compressed in recess Z, through hole m and into the piston rod bore a. By this means the ressure on face 6 is enabled to'retain the piston at the forward limit of its stroke until the machine, has been properly advanced to its work.

In the modified construction of the piston shown in Fig. III, t-he forward peripheral edge 1- of the piston is carried forward, so as to bring the fluid'jets g in close roximity to the'impact ring is ,1 the adjacent to maintain the requisite distance and dead volume between faces k also shows the face k pose of enhancing the effectiveness of the jets, and keeping for a time the fluid thereof from passing beyond ring is.

What I claim, Letters Patent is 1. In a valveless engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston providing a. forwardly directed pressure face, means for admitting actuating fluid into the front of the cylinder to, reverse the piston, said means causing said fluid to enter jet-wise and in a direction away from the aforesaid piston face upon which itsubsequently acts by pressure, and means whereb the forward action of the piston is increase fluid has entered the space in front of the cylinder. p v

2.'In a valveless engine, the combination and f. This figurerecessed for the pur-' after the actuating ront pa-rt of the piston being undercut as ate in order.

and desire to secure by mem s of a cylinder, a piston wardly directed pressure tace, and a piston rod, means for admitting actuating fluid intothe cylinder to reverse the piston, said oi"- the action-ct the" fluid so providing an out the front piston area, said inlet being closed during the rearward slrolte whereby the remainder thereof is ell'ected expansively, and exhaust means controlled by the of a cylinder, a piston, a piston rod having a 5 means causing the actuating fluid to enter 1 nuiveiuentot the piston structure.

jet-Wise and in a. direction away from the 9. in a valreless engine, in which fluid is aforesaid piston face, and exhaust menus worked expansively, restricted exhaust controlled by the increment of the piston rod. means adapted to be opened. during the lat- 3. in a Valveless engine, the coinbiinition ter part of the expansion stroke and during m of: a cylinder, apiston protiding aforwa fly the initial part oi the return stroke and directed pistontace, menus for admitting i lull exhaust means opening upon compleactuating fluid to the cylinder, said means tion of a full expansion stroke. causing the actuatingfiuid to enter iet-wise i 10. in a valveles's engine, a cylinder, a and in a direction away from the aforesaid piston having tliree pressure tacos, two of 15 piston -face, andnieans whereby the energy which are in facing opposition and widely of the actuz'tting fluid admittedinto the for separated so to form between them a ward part of the cylinder is utilized for aslarge dead space, means for admitting acsisti'ng the forwiiird stroke. tuating "fluid between said opposing faces, I 41. in combination, cylinder, :1, piston, e and means whereby such iiuid is subse- 20 piston controlled inlet for thetront cylinder quently conveyed to the unopposed face to space, said inlet beii opened by the piston exert ressur e thereon. immediatelypiorto oi "'iorwar 11. in it valveless engine, a cylinder, a stroire, and being so located ti'iatlarge y'ston having three pressure faces, two of dead-voluine remains in the front cylinder which are in facing opposition, and means spzieje upon the eon'ipi in of the iorward ior admitting actuating 'lluid between said stroke, means whereby the inc n'ning iluid is opposed laces, a perinai'iently open passagedirected into said space and away from the Way or space being afforded for conveying adiacent {rent piston area, and means in fluid from between the opposed faces to the front .o't' he piston acted "in by the pres unopposed face, said space being so restrict- 30 sin bot id incontiing liuid itor nssisting the ed that the establishment of pressure on the forward stroke. latter taco isdelayed.

in valveless engine, a cylinder, a pis- 12. in a. valveless engine, a cylinder, a tonreciprocahle t'i'ierein, tor adinitpiston having threepressure faces, two 0 ting fluid into on end. of the cyiii'ider during which are in facing opposition, and widely 35 the, current st oke to ei ieeeeding separated so as to term betweenthem a large stroke by preiisurc in s id ineans dead space, means for directing actuating causing the iiuid to wise, and a fluid onto oneoi the opposed laces to assist surface sociated n, the' piston upon the current strokekinetically, and perwhicli liuid in i1 to pro if pisnianently open passa e-way orspace being n ((7121"l iiilliiiltiitlljt tl eurm i atlorded tor-conveying fluid from between 6. C03]lll llittolbl ,it e 1 Q, .7 a piston the opposed faces to the unopposed ,tace. having its i't'lllii'. sien'e 131 than 1 piston structure, comprising a large its sniali reur pi ure :1 ts up front member 2), a smaller rear member I), plyingactuating ilnid tblbiil: i a piston rod and a ring is thereon, the front area, slois :IL in the eyiiu well, npiston i face of the larger piston member being unrod end a ring 7:. there-Won. der out, substantially as described.

Elfin viilyele a cor a cylinder, a pis- 14:. in a Jvalveless engine, a cylinder, a ton. and piston; i(,l(l, Sil.l(i,ilSl( rod beii'ig piston, a piston rod, exhaust inc-ans assoprorid l. wi ih 3.33M which the ciated with the piston rod, means at the forso actuating lin'd' adin j the current ward end of: the cylinder for cushioning the stroke to eitecs the s1iceeed n stroke by blow of the piston, and means whereby cornnessure impinges to pro l the piston niunication is afforded between said last lzinetica duringth current stroke. ncntioned means and said exhaust means. in Valveless engines a, cylinder, a pisin a, Yalveless engine, the combination 55 ton struct .e'conrgris. g of H lston herring a v of a cylinder, a piston, means tor admitting rear pressure area to which ,i'nid pressure i actuating fluid to reverse the piston, a pissis applied constantly, and ha ing its trout ton rod having a tubular bore, an exhaust pressure area. greater than said rear area, an port communicating with said tubular bore inlet to the tront end oi. the cylinder, said. "tor effecting a partial exhaust of the acfi inlet being opened prior to completion of the tuating fluid from the interior of the cylforward stroke and being so located that inder, and an additional exhaust port for a large dead volume remains in the front eiiEect-ing the complete exhaust of such accylinder space upon the completion of the tuating flui I forward stroke, means causing retardation 16. In a valveless engine, the combination admitted upon one of which is provided with one working tubular bore, a ring on said piston rod, an exhaust port communicating with said tubular bore for effecting the exhaust of the actuating fluid from the interior of the cylinde'r, a recess in the front end of'the cylinder adapted to receive said ring and serve as acushioning inc-ans, therefor, and a pas-,

sage in said piston rod whereby communication is afforded between said recess and said tubular bore.

a cylinder, a

17. In a valveless engine,

pressure faces,

piston having three Working two of which are in facing opposition, means -1ng so arranged that durin being pressure face, and the otherof which is provided with two working pressure faces,'one

01' said last named pressure faces and the of said first named member pressure face in-facing opposltion, means for admittmg actuating fluid between said opposfaces, and a passage-way whereby such ing in facing opposition,

fluid may be subsequentlyconveyed to the unopposed face to exert pressure thereon.-

19. In a valveless engine,

piston structure consisting of two members a cylinder, at

one of which is of less diameter than the other, said piston structure having three Working pressure faces, two of which are means for admitting actuating fluid between said opposed faces;

and a permanently open passage-way for conveying fluid from between the opposed faces to the unopposed face to exert pressure thereon.

. 20. In a valveless engine, a cylinder, at

one ofsaid members having ressure face said pressure face being l1oliilwed out, and the other 'of said'members haying two pressure faces, one ofsaid latter pressure faces and the pressure face of said first'named member being-in facing piston structure comprising two members,-

one working opposition, means for admitting actuating fluid between said opposed faces, and a pas sage-way whereby such fluid is subsequently conveyed to the unopposed face to exert pressure thereon.

In testimony in the presence of two witnesses.

I .wmnnnM-nAuss. Witnesses: Y Y I W. HILLMAN Vmonnr, J. WARREN VENNmo.

whereof-I afiix my signature to v 

